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Port Jackson Code of Signals (Australia)

Introduction
The signal flags

See also:

Introduction

In 1832 John Nicholson, then harbourmaster of Port Jackson (now better known as Sydney Harbour), published the 'Code of Signals for the Colony of New South Wales". The Nicholson Flag Chart consists of Marryat's Signals, with 16 flags each for the Royal Navy and the Merchant Service, plus the Colonial Signals, with 18 Descriptive Flags, 12 'Colonial Numerals for Pilots Reports &c.', and 12 'Proposed Miscellaneous Flags for N.S.Wales and the South Seas' (mostly ensigns). Also included on the chart are five examples on how the signals would be displayed to convey messages: the Descriptive Flags would be flown either on their own, or with the Numeral Flags underneath which indicated the origins of individual ships according to a pre-determined code list.

The Colonial Signals were in use until circa 1940. By then the Descriptive Flags had four more flags added; the Colonial Numerals became the Garden Island Weather Signals to indicate wind speeds, with the Numeral Flags indicating a corresponding Beaufort Scale.

The old Colonial Signals have been partially revived since 2008, when a flagstaff was re-erected on Observatory Hill in Sydney, on which signals flags had been flown from circa 1810 until the late 1930s. Among the other flags flown on the flagstaff nowadays are some of the Descriptive Flags, as well as the Colonial Numerals flown to indicate the day's maximum temperature in Celsius.
(See also http://www.sydneyobservatory.com.au/whatson/flagstaff/)
Miles Li, 7 September 2015

The Signal Flags

The following nomenclature was dated circa 1940.

0 - Calm - less than 1 mph
1 - Light Air - 1-3 mph
2 - Light Breeze - 4-7 mph
3 - Gentle Breeze - 8-12 mph
4 - Moderate Breeze - 13-18 mph
5 - Fresh Breeze - 19-24 mph
6 - Strong Breeze - 25-31 mph
7 - Moderate Gale - 32-38 mph
8 - Fresh Gale - 39-46 mph
9 - Strong Gale - 47-54 mph
10 - Whole Gale - 55-63 mph
11 - Storm - 64-75 mph
12 - Hurricane - above 75 mph
Numeral pennant
Substitute
Temperature
Description Flags
Description flags from the Nicholson Flag Chart of 1832
Proposed Miscellaneous Flags

0 - Calm - less than 1 mph

image by Miles Li, 22 July 2015

I'm not sure a flag signal to indicate there was no wind would be very effective. But I understand the flags are just a numeric code, with the 0 being used for "10" as well.
Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg, 17 August 2015

1 - Light Air - 1-3 mph

image by Miles Li, 22 July 2015

2 - Light Breeze - 4-7 mph

image by Miles Li, 22 July 2015

3 - Gentle Breeze - 8-12 mph

image by Miles Li, 22 July 2015

4 - Moderate Breeze - 13-18 mph

image by Miles Li, 22 July 2015

5 - Fresh Breeze - 19-24 mph

image by Miles Li, 23 July 2015

6 - Strong Breeze - 25-31 mph

image by Miles Li, 23 July 2015

7 - Moderate Gale - 32-38 mph

image by Miles Li, 23 July 2015

8 - Fresh Gale - 39-46 mph

image by Miles Li, 23 July 2015

9 - Strong Gale - 47-54 mph

image by Miles Li, 23 July 2015

10 - Whole Gale - 55-63 mph

image by Miles Li, 24 July 2015

11 - Storm - 64-75 mph

image by Miles Li, 24 July 2015

12 - Hurricane - above 75 mph

image by Miles Li, 24 July 2015