![[Flag of Irani,
SC (Brazil)]](../images/b/br-sc-121.gif)
image by Dirk Schönberger,
22 June 2012
Last modified: 2021-12-11 by ian macdonald
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image by Dirk Schönberger,
22 June 2012
The municipality of Irani (9,534 inhabitants in 2010; 32,156 ha) is located
480 km west of Florianópolis.
Irani is named for the river that waters
the municipality, meaning in Tupi-Guarani "Old Honey".
The municipality of
Irani was established by State Law No. 916 promulgated on 11 September 1963 and
inaugurated on 12 January 1964.
https://www.irani.sc.gov.br/
Municipal website
Ivan Sache, 3 November 2021
A blue field with the municipal arms centred on a white disk.
Official website at
http://www.irani.sc.gov.br
Dirk Schönberger, 22 June 2012
The coat of arms of Irani is prescribed by Law No. B0 promulgated on 15 July
1974.
Article 1.
The coat of arms of the municipality of Irani has the
following heraldic description:
A Samnite shield surmounted by a
three-towered crown. On a field argent, in the shield's center a circumference
representing a cogwheel framing a bovine's head, a pig's head, an araucaria and
a wheat plant. In the shield's upper left part the Southern Cross, in the upper
right part two crossed muskets. On the right flank, a maize plant, on the left
flank, a yerba mate plant. Beneath the shield a scroll gules inscribed with the
toponym "IRANI", surrounded by the number of the Law and the date of
emancipation of the municipality.
The coat of arms shall have the
following symbolic interpretation:
1. The Samnit shield used to represent the
coat of arms of the municipality of Irani was the first style of shield
introduced in Portugal by French influence; it was inherited by Brazilian
heraldry to evoke the colonizing race and main builder of the nation.
2. The
mural crown surmounting the shield is the universal symbol of domains' arms;
argent with three towers, it classifies the town as of third rank, that is a
municipal seat.
3. Argent (silver) is the heraldic symbols of peace,
friendship, work, prosperity and purity.
4. The cogwheel sable (black)
symbolizes industry, one of the municipality's main sources of income.
5. The
araucaria, the wheat plant, the bovine and pig's heads, as well as the maize and
yerba mate plants, symbolize the sources of income of the municipality:
agriculture, animal breeding, and extraction industry.
6. The two muskets
symbolize the Contestado War, which was fought from 1912 to 1915; the ultimate
fighting that led to the defeat and death of the rebels led by João Maria was
fought on the fields of Irani.
7. The Southern Cross symbolizes the
separation from the municipality of Joaçaba, then known as Cruzeiro do Sul
(Southern Cross).
8. Gules is a symbol of patriotic love, dedication,
audacity, intrepidity, courage, valiance.
9. The shield's upper part features
the crossing in Irani of two main asphalted roads of West Santa Catarina, BR282
and BR153.
https://leismunicipais.com.br/a/sc/i/irani/lei-ordinaria/1974/8/80/lei-ordinaria-n-80-1974-cria-brasao-de-armas-do-municipio-de-irani-sc
Leis Municipais database
Article 1.6 was rephrased by Municipal Law
No. 1,208 promulgated on 5 December 2002 as follows:
6. The two muskets
symbolize the Contestado War, which was fought from 1912 to 1916; the first
fighting was fought in Irani, causing death and destruction, under the command
of José Maria and João Gualberto de Sá Filho.
https://leismunicipais.com.br/a/sc/i/irani/lei-ordinaria/2002/121/1208/lei-ordinaria-n-1208-2002-altera-a-redacao-do-art-1-da-lei-n-80-de-15-julho-de-1974
Leis Municipais database
Contestado was a territory disputed between
the states of Santa Catarina and Paraná; the Contestado War was a social
conflict opposing landlords and officers, supporting by the government, to
smallholders, ranchers and laborers. Raised in Taquaruçu by the priest José
Maria, a group of people persecuted by the police of Santa Catarina, marched to
the west, entering the disputed territory; the Paraná authorities soon
considered them as Santa Catarina invaders. Accordingly, the Paraná police
attacked the group in Irani on 22 October 1912; 11 invaders, the priest included
were killed, while 10 soldiers were killed, including João Gualberto Gomes de Sá,
Commander of the Paraná Security Regiment.
The rebels expected the "return"
of José Maria; one year after his death, a 11-year old girl named Teodora had
the vision of the priest ordering all his supporters to gather in Taquaraçu.
This resulted in the establishment of several "holy towns" in Caraguatá, Santo
Antônio, Caçador Grande, Bom Sossego, Santa Maria, Pedra Branca, São Miguel and
São Pedro. The revolt was eventually suppressed by a troop of 7,000 federal
soldiers, assisted by the Paraná and Santa Catarina police. The number of people
who died in fighting and in epidemics favored by the unrest was probably higher
than 10,000.
The earlier version of Article 6 erroneously quotes João
Maria as the leader of the rebellion, which he was not. The genuine monk João
Maria exerted a kind of popular prophecy in a vast area spreading from Sorocaba
(São Paulo) to Santa Maria (Rio Grande do Sul). The monk was no longer seen
after the 1860s, but several people pretended to be him in the next decades.
Soon "canonized" as St. João Maria, the prophet was reported to respect all
forms of life and the natural environment, and to have been able to detect water
sources, known as "holy water" or "monk's water". José Maria did not claim to be
João Maria but connected his own practices to that of the "saint".
The
Contestado War was not the only uprising claiming João Maria's legacy. Similar
groups were repressed by the authorities all over southern Brazil, such as the
Santa Maria concentration (in Campestre, Rio Grande do Sul, in 1846 and 1849),
the Canudinho de Lages (Santa Catarina, 1897); the Pinheirinho monks' movement (Encantado,
Rio Grande do Sul, 1902), the Fabrícios and Palhamos movements (Concórdia, Santa
Catarina, 1924-1925), the bearded monks' movement (Soledade, Rio Grande do Sul,
1935-1937), and the Timbó Grande movement (Porto União, Santa Catarina, 1942).
http://www.ihu.unisinos.br/entrevistas/514385-guerra-do-contestado-os-reflexos-cem-anos-depois-entrevista-especial-com-paulo-pinheiro-machado
IHU On-Line, 15 October 2012
Photos
https://www.oestemais.com.br/politica/2020/09/17/irani-chega-a-tres-candidatos-a-prefeito-com-encerramento-de-convencoes/
http://www.radiorural.com.br/noticias/40605-8203em-irani-novo-prefeito-ja-definiu-foco-para-infraestrutura-e-desenvolvimento-economico
https://www.facebook.com/prefeituradeirani/photos/1106651943111816
Ivan Sache, 3 November 2021
