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Last modified: 2019-01-14 by ivan sache
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Flag of Compiègne - Image by Arnaud Leroy, 23 August 2002
See also:
The municipality of Compiègne (40,028 inhabitants in 2012; 5,310 ha), located on river Oise.
In 843, the Carolingian Empire was shared by the Treaty of
Verdun. Charles II the Bald (843-877) received the western part of
the Empire (Francia occidentalis) and built in
Compiègne a palace similar to Charlemagne's palace in
Aachen. He also founded a Royal abbey to keep the relics of
St. Cornelius. The abbey was later superseded by St. Denis,
near Paris, the Royal necropolis.
In 1374, King Charles V the Wise (1364-1380) fortified the town
and built a fort. On 23 May 1430, Joan of
Arc was captured near Compiègne by the Burgundians, who
sold her to the English.
The castle of Compiègne was a rather rustic residence until
King Louis XV (1715-1774) refurbished it and organized there lavish
festivals. In 1738, the King hired the famous architects Jacques V Gabriel (1667-1742) and his son Jacques-AngeI Gabriel (1698-1782) to rebuild the castle from scratch. Started in 1751, the building work wasstopped during the Seven Years' War (1756-1763). The work resumed
under Louis XVI (1774-1792) and the new Royal suite, later inhabited
by Napoléon I (1804-1814), was inaugurated in 1785. Additional
work was performed between 1789 and 1791, since Louis XVI had planned to
retire in Compiègne.
Compiègne was the prefered residence of
Napoléon III (1852-1870) and
Eugénie de Montijo (1826-1920). The Imperial couple stayed in
Compiègne during the hunting season and received by
séries of 80 the most brilliant people in Europe. The
writer Prosper Mérimée (1803-1870) composed in
Compiègne his impossible dictation, known as la
dictée de Mérimée.
Compiègne was severely damaged during the Second World War. In the
southern outskirt of Royallieu, the Germans established a marshalling
yard for the concentration camps.
The Forest of Compiègne (14,500 ha) is located in the south
and west of Compiègne. In the clearing of Rethondes, now
called the Armistice Clearing, Marshal Foch received in his private train on 8 November 1918 the German plenipotentiaries. On 11 November at 5:15
AM, the armistice was signed, which came into effect at 11:00 AM.
On 22 June 1940 in the evening, the armistice, synonym of French
capitulation was signed in the same wagon replaced in the same
clearing. The wagon was brought back to Berlin, when it was destroyed
during a bombing in 1942. A replica is now placed in the
Armistice Clearing.
Ivan Sache, 23 August 2002
The flag of Compiègne, as communicated by the municipal administration, is vertically divided blue-yellow with a dark blue lion wearing a gold crown and a white half fleur-de-lis.
Pascal Vagnat, 23 August 2002
