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British Antarctic Territory

Last modified: 2019-08-06 by rob raeside
Keywords: british antarctic territory | antarctica | blue ensign | falkland islands | penguin | torch | lion |
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image by Clay Moss, 16 October 2006
Flag adopted 21 April 1998.

• New flag
• Reverse of flag
• State ensign
• Coat of arms
• History
• Commissioner's flag
• British Antarctic Survey

• United Kingdom
• Falkland Islands
• South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands

The flag for use on land is a white ensign (without cross) with the arms of the territory, quite large, in the fly. The flag is for flying at British Antarctic bases (which previously flew the British flag) and at the British Antarctic Survey headquarters in Cambridge, England. I have also suggested that it be flown at the Discovery Centre in Dundee, where the RRS Discovery is moored, next to an Antarctic exploration museum. The RRS Discovery was the ship that first carried Captain Scott to the pole in 1901 and on further expeditions. She is the ship that forms the crest of the arms of the British Antarctic Territory.
Graham Bartram, 31 October and 1 November 1998

Roman Klimes' paper 'Symbols of Antarctica', published in [icv97], pp. 232-237, gives the official description of the coat of arms of the British Antarctic Territory:

On 11 March 1952, the Falkland Island Dependencies (constituted in 1908, divided in 1963 into British Antarctic Territory and South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands) were granted arms by Royal Warrant:

Arms: Per fess wavy barry, wavy of six Argent and Azure, and Argent on a Pile Gules, a Torch enflamed proper.
Supporters: In Dexter a Lion Or and in Sinister an Emperor Penguin proper upon a compartment divided per pale and representing in Dexter a grassy Mount and in Sinister an ice Floe.
Motto: Research and Discovery.

This coat of arms was transferred to the B.A.T. on 1 August 1963, with the addition of helm, crest and mantling:

Mantling: in Dexter Or doubled Gules and in Sinister Argent doubled Azure. Crest: Upon a Wreath of the colours of the Mantling a representation of the research Ship Discovery.

Graham Bartram's image of this ensign (and several others) shows the reverse of the flag as almost mirrored, but with the lettering of the motto reading correctly (un-mirrored).
Dean McGee, 2 July 2006

I'm being ultra picky here but there are a couple of problems with the crest on this flag as drawn. Discovery has a smoke stack, she is a steam ship with masts, not a sailing ship. Her blue ensign is plain, undefaced - there appears to be a white dot where a badge would be.
Graham Bartram, 17 August 2006

The white ensign and the Commissioner's flag were authorized by Her Majesty The Queen on 21 April 1998.
Christopher Southworth, 9 October 2006

Reverse of flag

image by Clay Moss, 17 October 2006

Based on information on World Flags Database. The ribbon below everything on this shield reads correctly while the rest of the badge is a mirror image of the obverse. I have seen only one British made copy of the BAT white ensign, and it was all printed, meaning that the ribbon read backwards on the reverse side. I would imaging "official" batches of flags have the ribbon reading correctly on the back side.
Clay Moss, 15 August 2006

image by Clay Moss, 15 Augusts 2006

The blue ensign is still in use. I know this as I am a consultant to the Foreign Office Polar Regions Section. The blue ensign with shield remains the government ensign of the British Antarctic Territory and is therefore flown by vessels undertaking work on behalf of the British Antarctic Territory authorities, which includes those vessels working for/with the British Antarctic Survey.

The new white ensign is not intended for use at sea, but lacking a civil ensign (there is a strange lack of civil vessels registered in British Antarctic Territory) then a civilian vessel visiting British Antarctic Territory would fly it as the courtesy ensign. Foreign government vessels should fly the defaced blue ensign. The Commissioner's flag could of course be flown as a rank flag by any vessel carrying the Commissioner, but not as an ensign.
Graham Bartram, 2 November 1998

BAT has a Blue Ensign (in addition to/predating the white with full arms), and this was established by Royal Warrant dated 30 May 1969.
Christopher Southworth, 14 June 2005

A photo of the BAT Blue Ensign in use can be seen at www.antarctica.ac.uk.
Jan Mertens, 10 December 2005

Coat of Arms

  image by Clay Moss, 30 July 2002

The arms of British Antarctic Territory, as shown, differ in several respects from the coat of arms displayed on the flag. Differences:

• The ship on the crest is brown with black unadorned masts on the coat of arms; it is black with yellow masts and white sails on the flag.
• The wreathing round the helm is halved blue and white/red and yellow on the arms; it is entirely blue and white on the flag.
• The helm is entirely grey on the arms; it is shaded with black and yellow on the flag.
• The penguin is unshaded on the coat arms, and has a yellow bill and feet; the penguin on the flag is shaded, the bill is red, the feet are black, and it has a yellow collar (the flag is more zoologically accurate, I think).
• The lion's teeth are bared on the coat of arms - this is not apparent on the flag.
• The base shows no texture or colour variation on the coat of arms, and its edge is plain white; the grass is textured, the penguin's shadow is visible, and its edge is yellow on one half and shaded white and ice blue on the other.
• The scroll is white on the coat of arms with grey shading where it rolls; it is yellow on the flag, with red shading where it rolls.

The official model of the flag of BAT differs from the original College of Arms painting in a number of respects, all of which concern the RRS Discovery that forms the crest. The College had given her a Red Ensign when it should have been a Blue (Royal research ships wear an undefaced Blue Ensign), they had forgotten the funnel of this steamship, and had put a yard on the mizzen mast when she is gaff rigged on the mizzen.

There is one more difference between the signed painting and the official model - the College of Arms had used an army-style Union in the canton! This adds the fimbriation on the red diagonals to the outside of the red, rather than cutting into it, making each blue triangle a different shape! This was replaced by a standard naval-style Union.
Graham Bartram, 6 August 2008

I have on file a copy of the College of Heralds' illustration for the flag signed (thus approved) by Her Majesty and upon which Graham tells me he based the definitive illustration in BR20 - which may be seen on his website at http://www.flags.net/BANT.htm. From this we may see that, howsoever accurate (or not) Clay's illustration of the arms may be, his image of the flag very closely follows the definitive model and is thus correct.
Christopher Southworth, 6 August 2008

According to Crampton's Observer's Book of Flags the British Antarctic Territory arms are "an embellished form" of the arms of the Falkland Islands Dependencies granted in 1953. This was when the Falkland Islands Dependencies still included British Antarctica and was a separate entity from the Falkland Islands proper. When the British Antarctic Territory was founded in 1962 the remaining parts of the Falkland Islands Dependencies (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands) reverted to the Falkland Islands. However, since the Falklands War, a new territory of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands was founded in 1985.
Roy Stilling, 5 December 1995

The flag of the commissioner of the British Antarctic Territory is a Union flag defaced with a white disc with a gold edge, covered by a laurel wreath, with the full achievement of arms in the centre. An interesting feature is the gold ring under the laurel. I have seen references to the governor of Gibraltar's flag where the presence of the gold ring is associated with the gold border that sometimes appears on the Gibraltar arms. I suspect from this flag, that all governor/commissioner flags that bear a laurel wreath are meant to have a gold ring under them.

I don't think the Commissioner of the British Antarctic Territory is the same person as the governor of the Falklands. As far as I know the Falklands, has a resident governor, whereas the British Antarctic Territory's commissioner is head of the Polar Regions Department of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in London. I'm not sure where or when he'll use his flag.
Graham Bartram, 31 October and 1 November 1998

 image by Chris Kretowicz, 10 May 2001

British Antarctic Survey operates throughout the Antarctic region, in more than one British Overseas Dependent Territory. It supports three stations in the Antarctic, at Rothera Point Adelaide Island, Halley and Signy Island (summer only), and two stations on South Georgia, at King Edward Point and Bird Island. The Antarctic operations and science programmes are managed from Cambridge in the United Kingdom.

Further information on each of these research stations and the work of BAS more generally, can be found here: http://www.bas.ac.uk.
Colin Dobson, 5 June 2005

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