![[Banner of the Virgen de Guadalupe flown by Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla: 1810.
By Juan Manuel Gabino villascán]](../images/m/mx^1810a.gif)
by Juan Manuel Gabino Villascán, January 2009.
Based on [col90] and [ban95]
Last modified: 2016-05-07 by juan manuel gabino villascán
Keywords: mexico | guadalupe | eagle | virgin mary | independence | war | insurgentes | dolores cry | grito de dolores | hidalgo y costilla (miguel) | matamoros (mariano) | morelos y pavón (josé marí) |
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by Juan Manuel Gabino Villascán, January 2009.
Based on [col90] and
[ban95]
A banner of the Virgin of Guadalupe was used by priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla in the revolution of 1810. It was taken from the sacristy of the town of
Atotonilco el Grande, (Guanajuato). Adopted 16 of September of
1810. Abolished in November of 1810 [bas53].
Jaume Ollé, 04 Aug 1995.
![[Banner flown by José María Morelos's hosts: 1812-1815 flag.
By Juan Manuel Gabino Villascán]](../images/m/mx_1812a.gif)
by Juan Manuel Gabino Villascán, August 2005.
Based on [col90]
There are lots of standards and flags preserved in the Museo Nacional de Historia (Chapultepec Castle) who belonged either to Morelos or any of his generals. All of them date from ca. 1811-1812. The Catálogo de Banderas (1990) shows only five flags and standards out of all those preserved in the Museum, being the flag above one of them [col90].
José María Morelos' flag, took part in the attack of the Insurgent hosts to Valladolid [present-day Morelia], on 13 December, 1813, and captured by Royalist troops on 5 January, 1814 in Tacámbaro.
The banner measures 145 cm. width x 189 cm height. The blue squares in the border are hardly visible. There appears the word, UNUM, meaning for "one" [col90]. The motto "OCULIS ET UNGUIBUS AEQUE VICTRIX" (by her eyes and claws equally victorious) is first attributed to Morelos, when on Aug. 19 1812, in Tehuacán he granted her army a flag [ban95]. Alamán [ala85] says that:
(...) By then, [Morelos] did not try to occupy Oaxaca, he led all his forces towards Tehuacán instead, where he entered on August 10 [1812] (...) Once there, Morelos (...) focused in regularizing and disciplining his troops.
"NON FECIT TALITER OMNI NATIONI" is another motto, particulary identified to Virgin Mary and also found written on flags. It is said, it is taken from Psalm 147, 20; which translation is: "She [i.e. Virgin Mary] has not done thus for any other nation" [col90], [ban95] and [nabxx].
Juan Manuel Gabino Villascán, August 2005.
![[Flag of the Batallón de San Pedro]](../images/m/mx_morel.gif)
by Jaume Ollé, 04 Aug 1995
The Hidalgo revolt was continued
by the Generalísimo don José María Morelos y Pavón who
adopted a flag on 19th August 1812 with a bridge of three
arches and after each arch a letter: V.V.M. (Viva la
Virgen Maria, Long Live the Virgin Mary); in this
flag appears an eagle resting on a prickly pear over and aqueduct,
with an imperial crown and a legend in latin. On 6th
September, 1813, the flag was used to proclaim independence
under the name Kingdom of Anahuac. Abolished 5 of November
of 1815 when the Morelos revolt ran out of steam
[bas53].
Jaume Ollé, 04 Aug 1995, and
Jorge Candeias, 27 Oct 1997.
![[Batallón de San Pedro flag. By Juan Manuel Gabino Villascán]](../images/m/mx_mata.gif)
by Juan Manuel Gabino Villascán, August, 2005.
Based on written descriptions in [ala85] and
[bus85]
On 1912, protesting a Vicerroy's edit of June 25, which considered out of law all clergy
take part in the revolution, Mariano Matamoros, a priest, raised up a regiment,
which he named "San Pedro". He granted his regiment a black banner featuring a red cross
after those worn by priests in Ash Wednesday celebrations and the motto:
"Inmunidad eclesiástica" (Ecclesiastic immunity) or
"Morir por la inmunidad eclesiástica" (to the death for ecclesiastic immunity).
It is said that the coat of arms of the Church charged the banner as well
[ala85] and [bus85].
Juan Manuel Gabino Villascán, August, 2005.
Other revolutionary leaders created their own flags. Between 1812 and 1817,
the troops of Nicolas Bravo and Guadalupe Victoria used a green-white-red
one.
Santiago Dotor, 29 Dec 1998, summarizing from
http://dyred.sureste.com/club/6febrero/24feb.htm
I am currently reading a novel about a British warship, some time
around 1800. Part of that ship's mission was to assist revolutionaries
in Acapulco, Mexico, to gain independence from Spain, since Britain and
Spain were at war at the time. I have no idea whether there was a
revolution in Acapulco at that time, but it mentions a flag being flown
by a rebel ship. This flag is described as «blue with a yellow star in
the centre». Does anybody know if this flag (or the revolution) actualy
existed?
Thomas Robinson, 31 Jan 1999
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