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![[Palestinian Legislative Council]](../images/p/ps_plc.jpg)
image located by Esteban Rivera, 11 December 2023
A Palestinian Legislative Council was established by the Egyptian government
in the Gaza Strip in 1962, which lasted until it was disbanded by the Israeli
authorities in 1967. The Council replaced the All-Palestine National Council
(officially Palestinian National Council (PNC)), disbanded several years
earlier. It was the legislative body of the All-Palestine Protectorate
(1948-1959) convened in Gaza on October 1, 1948.
The council passed a series
of resolutions culminating on October 1, 1948 with a declaration of independence
over the whole of Palestine, with Jerusalem as its capital. An Egyptian
Ministerial order dated June 1, 1948 declared that all laws in force during the
Mandate would continue to be in force in the Gaza Strip. The PNC participants
were 75-80 municipal and village leaders out of 150 invitees. The others could
not attend because the Jordanian and Iraqi armies refused to permit delegates
who resided in areas under their control. Though it claimed jurisdiction over
the whole of the former Mandatory Palestine (British Mandate of Palestine 1922 –
1948), its effective jurisdiction was limited to the All-Palestine Protectorate,
which came to be called the Gaza Strip.
In December 1948, just three
months after the declaration, the All-Palestine Government was relocated to
Cairo and was never allowed to return to Gaza, making it a government in exile.
With a further resolution of the Arab League to put the Gaza Strip under the
official protection of Egypt in 1952, the All-Palestine Government was gradually
stripped of its authority. In 1953, the government was nominally dissolved,
though the Palestinian Prime Minister, Hilmi Pasha, continued to attend Arab
League meetings on its behalf. In 1959, the protectorate was de jure merged into
the United Arab Republic, while de facto turning Gaza into a military occupation
area of Egypt.
In 1957, the Basic Law of Gaza established a Palestinian
Legislative Council that could pass laws which were given to the High
Administrator-General for approval.
In June 1959, Gamal Abdel Nasser
officially annulled the All-Palestine Government by decree, reasoning that the
All-Palestine Government had failed to advance the Palestinian cause. In
addition, Nasser proclaimed his intention to work towards the formation of a new
Palestinian government that would fight for the "liberation of all Palestine".
This plan met the opposition of the Jordanian government, that held at that time
the West Bank under its control. At that time, Amin al-Husayni moved from Egypt
to Lebanon and the Gaza Strip became directly administered by Egypt.
The
legislative council had 22 elected members in 1962, when elections were held.
In March 1962 a Constitution for the Gaza Strip was issued confirming the
role of the Legislative Council. Egyptian administration came to an end in June
1967 when the Gaza Strip was captured by Israel in the Six-Day War.
The
All-Palestine Protectorate relied entirely on the Egyptian government for
funding and on UNRWA to relieve the plight of the Palestinian refugees in the
Gaza Strip. In reality, during most of its existence the All-Palestine
Protectorate was under de facto Egyptian administration, though Egypt never made
any claim to or annexed any Palestinian territory. Egypt did not offer the Gazan
Palestinians citizenship. Palestinians living in the Gaza Strip and Egypt were
issued All-Palestine passports, and those living in the Gaza Strip were not
permitted to move freely into Egypt. However, these passports were only
recognized by six Arab countries.
The "new" Palestinian Legislative
Council met for the first time on March 7, 1996. Under the "Interim Agreement on
the West Bank and the Gaza Strip" (informally known as "Oslo II Accord", signed
on September 28, 1995 in Washington D.C.), the powers and responsibilities of
the PLC are restricted to civil matters and internal security in Area A of the
West Bank and Gaza, while in Area B they are restricted to civil affairs with
security matters being under the control of the Israel Defense Forces. In Area
C, Israel has full control.
The Council building was destroyed on
November 15, 2023 during an Israeli air strike (and subsequent occupation by
elements of the Golani Brigade) as part of "Operation Swords of Iron" during the
Israeli response to the "Operation Al-Aqsa Flood".
Until the First
Intifada (1987-1993), Fatah was the sole dominating party in the Palestinian
political arena, including the PLO. In 1987, Hamas arose as a resistance
movement against what they consider the Israeli occupation. Following the Oslo
Accords, the PLO, of which Fatah still was the dominant member, formally
denounced armed resistance.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_reconciliation_process
After the Second Intifada (2000-2005) Hamas gained enormous popularity among
the Palestinian people, and further events, such as Israel’s August 2005
disengagement from Gaza), Hamas’s 2006 electoral success during the Palestinian
legislative elections on January 25, 2006 and finally the Battle of Gaza (2007)
(Hamas takeover of Gaza), together with the June 2008 Israel-Hamas ceasefire
agreement, enabled Hamas to strengthen its military capabilities.
So
there used to be only one Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC). However after
the takeover of the Gaza Strip by Hamas on June 14, 2007, Palestinian Authority
Chairman Abbas dismissed the Hamas-led government and appointed Salam Fayyad
Prime Minister. Though the new Ramallah-based Palestinian government's authority
was claimed to extend to both the Palestinian territories, in effect it became
limited to the West Bank, as Hamas did not recognize the dismissal and continued
to rule the Gaza Strip. Both administrations – Abbas' Fatah government in
Ramallah and the Hamas government in Gaza – regarded themselves as the sole
legitimate government of the Palestinian National Authority. The
international community, however, recognized the Ramallah administration as the
legitimate government.
But after the June 2007 Hamas takeover of Gaza the
Palestinian
Legislative Council (Gaza Strip) was established, exercising full control of
the Gaza Strip. Following the Hamas–Fatah split in 2007, the PLC ceased to
function, with the President issuing laws by decree. Elections for the third
PLC were scheduled for May 2021, but was indefinitely postponed.
Despite the formation of the "unity government" in June 2014, right after the
signing of the Fatah-Hamas Reconciliation Agreement on April 23, 2014, on
October 17, 2016 Hamas formed a de facto independent government and the final
dissolution is considered to be April 14, 2019. This independent
government of Gaza run by Hamas identifies the top (political) figures as
Ismail Haniyeh, who at the time of the takeover in 2007 was the Prime
Minister, dismissed by the President but ignored the call and continued to do
so until February 2017, when he was replaced by Yahya Sinwar who has been
elected as leader in Gaza for the 2017-2021 and 2021-2025 (consecutive)
terms. On May 6, 2017, Haniyeh was elected chairman of Hamas's Political
Bureau, replacing Khaled Mashaal dubbed as Gaza’s President; at the time,
Haniyeh relocated from Gaza to Qatar. This is done in what they call
internal (party) elections, which precede Palestinian general elections.
Sources: https://carnegieendowment.org/sada/84538 and
https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder
Sources: http://www.pal-plc.org/page.aspx?id=rBSxmTa9766889286arBSxmT
,
http://www.pal-plc.org/page.aspx?id=nfTgO9a9757371756anfTgO9 ,
http://www.pal-plc.org/page.aspx?id=XZFFBpa9767841039aXZFFBp
http://www.pal-plc.org/page.aspx?id=rJZ2wka9763082274arJZ2wk
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Palestine_Government
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Palestine_National_Council
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council_(Gaza_Strip)
and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance_of_the_Gaza_Strip
For additional information go to Pal(estinian) PLC (West Bank government) (official website): http://www.pal-plc.org/
Esteban Rivera, 11 December 2023
The flag as seen at
https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20231118-acting-plc-speaker-ahmed-bahr-martyred-in-gaza/ is white with the logo centered.
Esteban Rivera, 11 December 2023
![[Central Elections Commission (Palestine)]](../images/p/ps_plc).gif)
image located by Esteban Rivera, 11 December 2023
Source: https://www.facebook.com/pal.plc
![[Central Elections Commission (Palestine)]](../images/p/ps_plc)2.gif)
image located by William Garrison, 27 December 2023
Source: http://pal-plc.org/plc/english.aspx
Logo on its building:
https://www.gettyimages.co.uk/
William Garrison, 27 December 2023
