Last modified: 2021-07-24 by valentin poposki
Keywords: basilisk | wyvern | owl | kazan khanate |
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image by António Martins, 22 October 2002
Yellow swallowtail with black and white wyvern.
António Martins, 22 October 2002
This one shown is a true heraldic dragon: four feet, two wings [unlike
its modern representation in the Kazan city flag
and arms].
Albert Kirsch, 14 February 2005
Does the original image (here
from [ala07]) show a swallowtail flag,
or a rectangular one?…
António Martins, 22 October 2002
image by António Martins, 22 October 2002
Yellow with black and white owl.
António Martins, 14 February 2005
Those flags are from Allard’s Nieuwe Hollandse Scheepsbouw,
Amsterdam 1694 [ala94], and reprinted
several times. (See Wilson’s Flags at Sea, 1986,
[wil86] p. 114.) These images are
probably fantasies of flags used in Tartary, as the empire of the Great
Khan was called then. They were used on innumerable flag charts until the
19th century.
Jarig Bakker, 24 February 2001
Nobody knows which flag this is. «Tartarian caesar» may be Kazan
khan, khan of Crimea or khan of Siberia (native people of Siberia was named
tartar too). I think most probably version is Crimea khanate, because
it was state with navy (and with naval ensigns, of course). Crimea khanate
existed in XVII (in times of Alardus). Kazan khanate was destroyed by Ivan
the Terrible in XVI c.
Victor Lomantsov, 23 October 2002
So it’s a “tartarian king”, but not necessarily the
Kazan Khan. I see. That doesn’t stop however, the Tatar Government to
trace a genealogic line from the first Allard flag to the tsarist and current
Kazan arms, which show indeed a wyvern. The
Speransov’s book [spe74] has also the
same abusive conclusion.
António Martins, 24 October 2002
The coat of arms of Kazan is argent a wyvern [=basilisk] sable langued,
tailed and winged gules, beaked and crowned or.
Santiago Dotor, 17 October 1998
The first depictions of the civic emblems occur on a seal of Ivan the Terrible, and, with insignificant alterations in details, on other monuments of the sixteenth and the first half of the seventeenth centuries. A decree of 1766 about this emblem says, «The seal of Kazan bears on it a basilisk, wings gold, end of tail gold.» This depiction, published in the Titulary, fully conforms to the law.
But the Kazan coat of arms possesses an earlier origin. Legend speaks thus of the foundation of the city. Kazan was built on a place where there was a multitude of snakes. A Tatar sorcerer lit bonfires and spoke magic words. The snakes perished, but the snake-king Zilant escaped to a neighboring mountain, called Dzhilantai (Snake Mountain). On the site thus liberated people built a city. However, they were unable to live in peace, as the snake-king who had settled nearby brought misery on them. Fortunately, in the city there appeared a mighty magician, Hakim, who was able, by mighty conjurations, to kill the snake-king. In memory of this occurrence a representation of Zilant is still a civic emblem among the Tatars.
With the creation in the eighteenth century of the Kazan coat of arms, preserving on the shield an old depiction of a snake, it received a new description: «A black snake, wearing the golden crown of Kazan, wings red, field white.» But in other documents this snake began to be called a dragon. In the nineteenth century in the newly described coat of arms of the former Kazan province the ancient snake-king Zilant (later called a basilisk) is also called a dragon.
In spite of the fact that in the old civic emblem, and in the earliest coat of arms of Kazan and of the province of the same name, we undoubtedly have depictions of one and the same, though variously named, winged snake, not all sorts of such fantastic monsters found in Russian symbolism and heraldry have the same significance. For example, the ominous snake-dragon, personifying the evil enemies of the Russian nation, in the old emblem of Moscow possesses a different origin and symbolism.
A different significance is given to the winged dragon acribed to the Tatar khans. An interesting antique description of this emblem of the khans was published in the work of Carlus Allard (published in 1705 [ala05] in Amsterdam, translated into Russian in 1709 [ala07]): «Flag of the king of Tartary, yellow with a black dragon (great serpent) with basilisk tail, couchant, facing toward the fly.» Attestation of the fact that a dragon, or winged snake, appears as a sign or emblem of the Tatar khans, can also be found among Russian authors, but without description and colored illustration of the emblem.
This same Allard publishes in his work a description of another former Tatar flag: «A different Tatar flag, yellow with a black owl with yellow breast.»
translated by John Ayer, from Russian original at the Kai Museum website
I have the book from which this was taken, N. N. Sperasnsov’s Zemelhnie gerby Rossiĭ XII-XIX vv [spe74]:
image by
Valeriy Koba, 7 November 2020
In the book of P. Lux-Wurm "Banners of Islam" (P. Lux-Warm, "Les drapeaux de
l'islam"). the drawing of the "flag of the Kazan khanate of the XV century" is
given. This is a blue cloth with two tails. The blue color is explained as
traditional for the Turks and for the successor States of the Mongol Empire of
Genghis Khan. In addition, Lux-Wurm reports that the military banners of the
Tatars were shafts decorated with horse tails.
http://www.vexillographia.ru/russia/index.htm
Valeriy Koba, 7
November 2020
