![[Jabhat al Nusra rebels (Syria)]](../images/s/sy^yrmk.gif)
image by Randy Young, 12 May 2015
Last modified: 2023-12-09 by ian macdonald
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In these two articles (this one
published on May 1, 2014 and
this one
published on November 19, 2014) they mentiona
new coalition of
opposition forces
called Southern Front.
In
this article they feature a
picture of combatants of the Yamrouk Brigade
(one of their strongest
military components), and the caption of the picture states that this
picture was taken on September 29, 2013.
In it, the above mentioned article states: "The objective is to unify
fragmented factions to topple the regime of [President Bashar] Assad
and work on creating a democratic state that would preserve the rights
of all segments and minorities," Ibrahim al-Jabawi, a former police
brigadier general turned spokesman for the alliance, told AFP in
Amman. "These factions have led significant battles against Assad's
forces and achieved victories," notably in the Golan city of Qunaitra
near the disputed frontier with Israel and in the southern city of
Deraa, where the uprising began in March 2011, Jabawi said. "In recent
days for example, fighters from more than 16 factions liberated a
strategic position that belonged to Brigade 61," a Syrian army brigade
responsible for guarding the Golan frontier, he said. Abu al-Majd, a
spokesman for the Yarmouk Brigade, one of the more powerful members of
the alliance, said the front had been active since the failure of
Geneva peace talks earlier this year.
The Geneva II Conference on Syria (also called Geneva II Middle East
peace conference or simply Geneva II) is a United Nations-backed
international peace conference on the future of Syria with the aim of
ending the Syrian Civil War, by bringing together the Syrian
government and the Syrian opposition to discuss the clear steps
towards a transitional government for Syria with full executive
powers. The conference took place on 22 January 2014 in Montreux and
on 23–31 January 2014 in Geneva (Switzerland). It is
pursued by UN peace
envoy to Syria Lakhdar Brahimi (after he moved his office from Cairo
to Geneva) in cooperation with the
United States and Russia. The second round of
negotiations took place on 10–15 February 2014. A third round of
negotiations is planned.
Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_II_Conference_on_Syria
Saudi Arabia, one of
the main backers of the uprising against Assad, has strong influence
over rebels in the south, where it has worked with Jordan to help
unify the various factions, according to Syrian opposition sources.
Jabawi and others insist their alliance has no place for the Nusra,
the Syrian wing of Al-Qaeda, or the Islamic State of Iraq and Greater
Syria (ISIS), a rogue jihadist group that has been battling other
rebels in the north since the start of the year.
"Division does not lead to positive results. That is why we worked to
unify moderate factions under one umbrella," Jabawi told AFP.
"Nusra, which has limited influence in the south, does not have any
role in the Southern Front," he said, adding that other Islamist
groups in the south "are limited and not developing."
Source:
http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/May-01/255012-rebels-pin-hopes-on-unified-southern-front.ashx#axzz30PzXjw3f
So, if they claim the coalition was active after the second round of
peace talks in Geneva, this alliance then formed around no earlier
date than February, 2014 (even though other groups were already active
back in 2013 such as the Yamrouk Brigade). Now,
this article considers the Agence France Presse article on the Lebanese newspaper
The Daily Star to be two months old (so if it was published on May 1,
but they mention is two months old, then this new alliance of "old
fighters" must have been set up between February-march of 2014). This
same article states later that the SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human
Rights) mentions on February 23 that "9 military fighting groups in
western Der'a countryside , including Jabhat Al-Nusra and Ahrar Al
Sham, have announced starting a new battle called 'wa e'etasemo bi
habli Allah jamian wala tafarako' ... [and that the announcement said]
'we will target and hit 8 millitary zones belonging to 61th brigade,
all these zones are very strategic in western Daraa province.'" So
this offensive or military campaign (called "The Road to Damascus" by
this
al-Jazeera article: was actually carried out without any inter-rebel conflicts (as
displayed before). In fact, it's been cited that these two factions
(Islamic Front acting mainly through al-Nusra Front and Southern Front
acting mainly through Yamrouk Brigade) are coordinating ofensives in
different parts of the country (Source:
https://www.facebook.com/syriahroe/posts/521322317976111?stream_ref=10).
Also in this article published on February 14, 2014 "Moderate Rebel
Groups Unite in Southern Syria" mentions the following: "The new FSA entity will be called The
Southern Front. 49 Syrian rebel groups in southern Syria will unite
under one armed entity called The Southern Front, they announced in a
statement seen by Zaman al-Wasl.
The statement said the new body, affiliated with the Free Syrian Army
(FSA), will be the moderate voice and the strong military arm of
Syrian people. Even though in this article they mention a "new
coalition" (Southern Front) active as early as February, 2014, the
breakaway of factions which form this Southern Front and were part of
the FSA (Free Syrian Army) was reported as early as October, 2013, as
follows: "More than 60 units of the Free Syrian Army that operate in
the south recently broke off from the main military and political
command, which is backed by the US and the West. At least one of the
defecting units has fought with an al Qaeda branch, the Al Nusrah
Front for the People of the Levant. A commander from the Ansar al
Sunnah Brigade, a group that fights President Bashir al Assad's
government in southern Syria, released a statement on YouTube
yesterday claiming that 66 units formerly loyal to the Free Syrian
Army and its political branch, the Syrian National Coalition, have
defected to form their own command. This units are:
Ansar al Sunnah Brigade
Tawhid al Janub Brigade
Al Shahid Brigade
Al Tahrir Brigade
Special Tasks Brigade
The Elite Brigade
Asifat al Janub Brigade
Al Mayzan Brigade
Shuhada al Hurriyah Brigade
Amud Hawran Brigade
Tabarak al Rahman Brigade
Salah al Din Brigade
Yusuf al Azmah Brigade
Tawhid al Lujah Brigade
Hawran Battalions Alliance Brigade
Hawran Commandos Brigade
A'ishah Brigade
Artillery and Rockets Regiment
The 1st Cavalry Regiment
The 2nd Cavalry Regiment
Al Mu'tazz Brigade
Fajr al Islam Brigade
Al Karamah Brigade
Shuhada al Yarmouk Brigade
Al Haramayn Brigade
Homs al-Walid Brigade
Asad Allah al Hamzah Brigade
Al Habib Brigade
Special Task Brigade
Asifat Hawran Brigade
Usud al Islam Brigade
Jaydur Brigade
Al Fursan Brigade
Saraya al Karamah Brigade
Imam al Nanawi Brigade
Al Ababil Brigade
Al Khansa Brigade
Anwar al Haqq Battalions Alliance
Dir al Lujah Brigade
Sanad Hawran Brigade
Rockets and Artillery Battalion
Luyuth al Furqan Alliance
Ali Bin Abi Talib Brigade
Abu Bakr Brigade
Mu'awiyah Brigade
Rijal al Sham Brigade
Al-Juwlan Commandos Battalion
Hamzah Abu Salah Battalion
The 2nd Division
Ababil Hawran Brigade
Shuhada Dimashq Brigade
Al Uhdah al Umariyah Brigade
Abdallah Bin Mas'ud Brigade
Ahfad al Umawiyyin Brigade
Al-Husun Brigade
Al-Fursan Brigade
Saqr Hawran Brigade
The Alliance of Western Countryside Brigades
Al-Masih Brigade
Al-Sahabah Brigade
Ahmad Khalaf Brigade
Shuhada al Islam Brigade
Bayariq al Islam Brigade
Fajr al Mujahidin Brigade
Fajr al Sham Brigade
Bayariq al Sham Brigade
Source:
http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2013/10/free_syrian_army_con.php
Esteban Rivera, 20 November 2014
image by Randy Young, 12 May 2015
Notice also that the Yarmouk Brigade (also called Yamrouk Martyrs'
Brigade or Yarmouk Division, named after the Yarmouk enclave of the
river of the same name that goes across a southern part of the
country), which is mentioned in the AFP article as a component of the
Southern Front, teamed up in September with Al Nusrah and the Aknaf
Bait al Maqdis ("Defenders of Jerusalem"), another jihadist group
allied with al Qaeda, to take control of the border crossing between
Deraa and Jordan. Like the Southern Front, the Yarmouk Brigade has
featured in recent news coverage of the supposedly moderate Syrian
rebels, in a
New York Times front-page article on April 11, 2014. The issue now is the speculation that leads to
"create" new umbrella organizations in order to break away "formally"
from other banned factions (such as al-Nusra, which have been declared
terrorist organizations) in order to receive outside funds (mainly US
funds) but "informally" acting together in the battlefield, which has
been a major concern for the supporters of the belligerents in this
civil war.
In fact, when going back to earlier incidents, it is said that the
kidnapping of 21 Filipino peacekeepers of the UNDOF (United Nations
Disengagement Observer Force) on 6 March, 2013 was
carried out by the
Yamrouk Brigade when in fact,
the belligerent oppossition forces in the area during the
Quneitra Governorate clashes (2012–2014) were the Free Syrian Army, the Islamic Front and the al-Nusra Front
(which in turn is part of the Islamic Front), leaving the question
whether Yamrouk is affilliated with al-Nusra or not.
Sources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War_%28January%E2%80%93April_2013%29
and
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Disengagement_Observer_Force_Zone
The
flag of Yamrouk brigade is seen in
this al-Jazeera article from 0:30 onwards.
Image is a screenshot of al Jazeera article taken on November 19, 2014 showing
the Yarmouk Brigade flag.
Esteban Rivera, 20 November 2014
The flag has a green field with the logo of the brigade in white. I'm hoping
that someone with a better understanding of the Arabic language and culture will
be able to shed some light on the logo itself, and improve on my rough graphic.
Of note, it appears that there are two "Yarmouk Brigades." One is the Yarmouk
Brigade, now known as the Yarmouk Army, which is a part of the Southern Front
and the Hawks of the South coalitions against the Asad government in the Syrian
Civil War. This one appears to be the one that has the attached green flag.
Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarmouk_Army
The second group is the Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade. It is also an anti-Asad rebel
unit in southern Syria, but this one is closely aligned with ISIL/ISIS, likely
using the ISIL
black flag.
Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarmouk_Martyrs_Brigade )
Randy Young, 12 May 2015
![[Jabhat al Nusra rebels (Syria)]](../images/s/sy_silsy.jpg)
image located by William Garrison, 04 May 2016
Flag, Syrian Sunni Islamist Liwa Shuhada' al-Yarmouk (Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade–LSY)
, c. early 2016. [Interestingly, has 2 slogans below the circular seal]
Source: "Research on the Islamic State, Syria, and Iraq" by Aymenn Jawad
al-Tamimi March 1–March 29, 2016; "Middle East Forum" online; dated: 3 May 2016
http://www.meforum.org/5986/research-islamic-state-iraq-syria
William Garrison, 04 May 2016
Indeed, there are two "Yarmouk Brigades" as Randy Young mentioned in his May
12, 2015 post: "One is the Yarmouk Brigade, now known as the
Yarmouk Army, which
is a part of the Southern Front and the Hawks of the South coalitions against
the Asad government in the
Syrian Civil War.
The
second group is the Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade. It is also an anti-Asad
rebel unit in southern Syria, but this one is closely aligned with
ISIL/ISIS,
likely using the ISIL black flag." Hence the flag is that of Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade, an
ally of ISIS.
Another flag for the same group is seen
here:
The group "was originally set up in 2012, largely based on "local and
familial ties, rather than ideology"."
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarmouk_Martyrs_Brigade
Esteban Rivera, 05 May 2016
