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38 Star Flag - (1877-1890) (U.S.)

Last modified: 2017-07-21 by rick wyatt
Keywords: thirty-eight | united states | concentric | hourglass |
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image by Clay Moss, 9 February 2007

• Description of the flag
• Jack
• Variations in Proportions/Designs
• Concentric Circles Design
• Alternate Grid Designs
• Full Canton Design
• Hourglass Design

See also:

• History of the Stars and Stripes
• U.S. Historical flags
• United States of America

Description of the flag

In 1877, one star was added, representing Colorado, bringing the total number of stars to 38. There were thirteen stripes representing the thirteen original colonies.
Rick Wyatt, 5 April 1998

This flag flew from 4 July, 1877 to 3 July, 1890.
Clay Moss, 9 February 2007

The US Congress passed an enabling act in 1875, specifying the requirements for the the Territory of Colorado to become a state. On August 1st, 1876, President Grant signed a proclamation admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state. It became known as the Centennial State, as a result of becoming an official state 28 days after the Centennial of the US. Even though the official star count for US flags in 1876 was the 37, it was common for makers to produce flags in advance of their official dates. This was a result of customer demand and competition between the makers. For this reason, the 13 and 38 star flags were the most common flags flown during the many Centennial celebrations.
William Garrison, 1 April 2015

image by Clay Moss, 9 February 20

Variations in Proportions/Designs

I just ran across a 1986 reprint of a book issued by the U.S. Army Quartermaster General called Specifications for Clothing, Camp and Garrison Equipage, and Clothing and Equipage Materials (Philadelphia: Philadelphia Depot of the Quartermaster's Department, 1889). It includes a number of flag specifications issued between 1876 and 1889. Taken in combination with the contemporary U.S. Navy Tables of Equipment and Flags of Maritime Nations (1882), it is interesting to note the variation in official proportions and designs of the S&S at the time. Looking at the flags side by side also lets one see why President Taft felt the need to standardize the design by executive order in 1912.
Joe McMillan, 9 February 2001

The Army garrison flag was 20 x 36 feet, with the canton (union) extending 1/3 of the fly. The stars, measuring 10 inches across, are shown in five rows of 7-8-8-8-7, with the stars all lined up vertically (not staggered as in the modern flag), the extra stars in the rows of eight being in the hoist. (Specification dated May 31, 1876) Army Garrison Flag image by Joe McMillan, 9 February 2001
The Army post flag was 10x20 feet, also with the union extending 1/3 of the fly. The six-inch stars on this flag are shown as 8-7-8-7-8, lined up vertically, with the extra stars in the rows of eight in the fly. (Specification dated May 31, 1876) Army Post Flag image by Joe McMillan, 9 February 2001
There was also an Army storm flag, 4 feet 2 inches by 8 feet, with the union extending 1/3 of the fly, with the stars as in the post flag but the eighth star in the longer rows in the hoist. (Specification dated December 31, 1877) Army Storm Flag image by Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg, 20 February 2012
The Navy version came in a variety of sizes depending on the size of the ship. All had a ratio of about 100:192 or 100:193. Typical was 13x25 feet. The union extended over 40% of the fly. The 1882 Flags of Maritime Nations shows the stars in staggered rows of 8-7-8-7-8, looking very much like the modern arrangement. Navy Ensign image by Joe McMillan, 9 February 2001

Concentric Circles Design

image by Rick Wyatt, 16 July 2001 Oval As Depicted On Stamp

image by Blas Delgado Ortiz, 30 July 2001 Perfect Circles

Concentric Circle Designs (1877) - As depicted in the postage stamp, 13 white/red stripes, blue canton with one larger white 5-pointed star in center, 13 white 5-pointed stars in oval around central star, 20 white 5-pointed stars in oval around that and one white 5-pointed star in each corner.
Dave Martucci, 17 October 1999

Alternate Grid Designs

image by Devereaux Cannon, 11 February 2001

This image is of an original 38 star flag, thought to be a merchant ensign dating from between 1877 and 1880, in my collection. It is similar to the 1882 navy ensign, but with a shorter length to width ratio, and the 7 stars on rows 2 and 4 are space so as to take up the same space as the 8 stars on rows 1, 3, and 5.
Devereaux Cannon, 11 February 2001

image by Clay Moss, 15 March 2007

image by Clay Moss, 15 March 2007

The two 38 star flags are images drawn from pictures that were once featured on E-bay. I actually think that the first of these could be considered a frequent variant as I have seen quite a few of these designs with the canton reversed from the "chart" 38 star flag.
Clay Moss, 15 March 2007

Full Canton Design

image by Blas Delgado Ortiz, 13 August 2001

Another example of a tribute to our First Centennial shows an attempt to plan the size of the stars so that they fill as much of the blue canton as possible.
Blas Delgado Ortiz, 13 August 2001

Hourglass Design

image by Blas Delgado Ortiz, 13 August 2001

Here, the crossing diagonal lines of stars outline the cross of St. Andrew. But, if the flag is placed upright, it will be seen that the arrangement also depicts the shape of an hourglass with two stars representing two centuries, in the process of dropping to the bottom of the glass. We have here therefore possibly the most original conception celebrating the advent of the First Centennial.
Blas Delgado Ortiz, 13 August 2001

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