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Languages and peoples of Russia

See also:

Sources:

Geografiâ Rossii. Drofa: Moskva, 1997
The Ethnologue on-line database. Summer Institute of Linguistics
“A Fortress of Languages” National Geographic Magazine

Legend key:

OFFICIAL language in the whole Federation
Official language in at least one of the Federation “subjects”
Language recognized by Soviet/Russian authorities but not official in any Federation “subject”
language not recognized by Soviet/Russian authorities.
Language recognized solely as variant of another

Indo-European
1. Slavic
  1. East
    1. Belarusian: Recognized but not official. (Official in Belarus)
    2. RUSSIAN: Official language of the Federation.
    3. Ukrainian: Recognized but not official. (Official in Ukraine)
  2. South
    1. Eastern
      1. Bulgarian: Recognized but not official. (Official in Bulgaria)
      2. Slavonic (old church): Liturgical use only.
    2. Western
      1. Serbo-Croatian: Not recognized. (Official in Yugoslavia)
  3. West
    1. Czech-Slovak
      1. Slovak: Not recognized. (Official in Slovakia)
    2. Lechitic
      1. Polish: Recognized but not official. (Official in Poland)
2. Baltic
  1. East
    1. Latvian: Recognized but not official. (Official in Latvia)
    2. Lithuanian: Recognized but not official. (Official in Lithuania)
3. Germanic
  1. West
    1. Continental
      1. High
        German (standard): Recognized but not official. (Official in Germany and Austria)
        
        Yiddish: Official in the Jewish Autonomous Region (and in Israel)
      2. Low
        Plautdietsch: Considered as variant of German (standard)
4. Romance
  1. Eastern
    1. North
      1. Rumanian (Moldavian): Recognized but not official. (Official in Romania and Moldavia)
5. Greek
  1. Attic
    1. Greek: Recognized but not official. (Official in Greece)
6. Indo-Iranian
  1. Iranian
    1. Eastern
      1. Northeastern
        Osetin: Official in North Ossetia
    2. Western
      1. Northwestern
        Kurdish
        Kurmanji: Not recognized. Unofficial ethnic flag
      2. Southwestern
        Persian
        Tajiki: Recognized but not official. (Official in Tajikistan)
        
        Tati
        Tat (Hebrew): Recognized but not official
  2. Indo-Aryan
    1. Central zone
      1. Dom
        Domari: Not recognized.
      2. Romani
        Northern
        Romani (Baltic): Considered as variant of Romani (Sinte)
        
        Romani (Sinte): Recognized but not official
7. Armenian
  1. Armenian: Recognized but not official. (Official in Armenia)
South Caucasian
1. Georgian
  1. Georgian: Recognized but not official. (Official in Georgia)
2. Svan
  1. Svan: Not recognized.
North Caucasian
1. Northwest
  1. Abkhaz-Abazin
    1. Abaza: Recognized but not official
    2. Abkhaz: Recognized but not official. Unofficial ethnic flag
  2. Circassian
    1. Adyghe (Shapsug): Official in Adygea
    2. Kabardian: Co-official in Kabard-Balkaria. Unofficial ethnic flag
    3. Cherkess: Co-official in Karachay-Cherkessia. Unofficial ethnic flag
2. Northeast
  1. Dagestan
  2. Vejnax
    1. Chechen-Ingush
      1. Chechen: Official in Chechenia
      2. Ingush: Official in Ingushetia
Uralic
1. Finno-Ugric
  1. Finno-Permic
    1. Finno-Cheremisic
      1. Cheremisic
        Mari (high): Considered as variant of mari (low)
        
        Mari (low): Official in Mariy-El
      2. Finno-Mordvinic
        Finno-Lappic
        Balto-Finnic
        Estonian: Recognized but not official. (Official in Estonia)
        
        Finnish: Recognized but not official. (Official in Finland)
        
        Ingrian: Not recognized. Unofficial ethnic flag
        
        Karelian: Recognized but not official. Unofficial ethnic flag
        
        Ludian: Not recognized. Unofficial ethnic flag
        
        Olonetsian: Not recognized.
        
        Veps: Not recognized. Unofficial ethnic flag
        
        Votic: Not recognized. Unofficial ethnic flag
        
        Lappic
        Central
        Saami (kildin): Considered as variant of Saami (Skolt)
        
        Saami (skolt): Recognized but not official. Unofficial ethnic flag
        
        Saami (Ter): Considered as variant of saami (skolt)
        
        Mordvinic
        Erzya: Co-official in Mordovia
        
        Moksha: Co-official in Mordovia
    2. Permic
  2. Ugric
    1. Ob Ugric
      1. Khanty: Co-official in Yugra
      2. Mansi: Co-official in Yugra
2. Samoyedic
  1. Northern Samoyedic
  2. Southern Samoyedic
Yukaghir
Altaic
1. Turkic
  1. Bolgar
    1. Chuvash: Official in Chuvashia
  2. Eastern
    1. Uzbek (northern): Recognized but not official. (Official in Uzbekistan)
  3. Northern
  4. Southern
    1. Azerbaijani
      1. Azeri (north): Recognized but not official. (Official in Azerbaijan)
    2. Turkish
      1. Gagauz: Recognized but not official. Unofficial ethnic flag
    3. Turkmenian
      1. Turkmen: Recognized but not official. (Official in Turkmenistan)
  5. Western
    1. Aralo-Caspian
    2. Ponto-Caspian
      1. Karachay: Co-official in Karachay-Cherkessia. Unofficial ethnic flag
      2. Balkar: Co-official in Kabard-Balkaria. Unofficial ethnic flag
      3. Kumyk: Recognized but not official. Unofficial ethnic flag
    3. Uralian
2. Mongolian
  1. Eastern
    1. Oirat-Khalkha
      1. Khalkha-Buriat
        Buriat
        Buriat (russia): Official in Buriatia, Aghin Buriatia and Ust-Ord Buriatia
        
        Mongolian Proper
        Mongolian (halh): Not recognized. (Official in Mongolia)
      2. Oirat-Kalmyk
        Kalmyk-Oirat: Official in Kalmykia
3. Tungus
  1. Northern
    1. Even
      1. Even: Recognized but not official
    2. Evenki
      1. Evenki: Official in Evenkia
    3. Negidal
      1. Negidal: Recognized but not official
  2. Southern
    1. Southeast
      1. Nanaj
        Nanai: Recognized but not official
        
        Orok: Recognized but not official
        
        Ulch: Recognized but not official
      2. Udihe
        Oroch: Recognized but not official
        
        Udihe: Recognized but not official
Chukotko-Kamchatkan
1. Northern
  1. Chukot
    1. Chukot: Official in Chukotka
  2. Koryak-Alyutor
2. Southern
  1. Itelmen: Recognized but not official
Eskimo-Aleut
1. Aleut
  1. Aleut: Recognized but not official
2. Eskimo
  1. Yupik
    1. Siberian
Yenisei Ostyak
1. Ket: Recognized but not official
2. Yugh: Not recognized.
Afro-Asiatic
1. Semitic
  1. Central
    1. South
      1. Canaanite
        Hebrew (old): Liturgical use only. (Official in Israel)
    2. Aramaic
      1. Eastern
        Northeastern
        Assyrian: Not recognized. Unofficial ethnic flag
Language isolates

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