![[Southern Rhodesia - Governor (1924-'51)]](../images/z/zw_gov1.gif)
Last modified: 2015-07-28 by bruce berry
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by Clay Moss, 25 Mar 2005In most of the British colonies the flags used by the Sovereign's representative usually followed the same general design. In Southern Rhodesia, the Governor was appointed by the Crown and acted as the local head of state, receiving instructions from the British Government. The Governor was also Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces and as such, in theory at least, exercised considerable influence over the running of the colony and its government. In practice, however, the Governor's main function was to maintain a satisfactory relationship between the British and Southern Rhodesian Governments and acted in an advisory capacity most of the time.
In Southern Rhodesia the Governor initially flew a Union Flag with a
white roundel in the centre charged with the shield from the colony's arms
granted on 11 August 1924, namely "Vert, a Pick Or, on a Chief Argent a Lion Passant Gules between
two Thistles leaved and slipped proper".
The lion and thistles were taken from the Arms of Cecil John Rhodes,
whose British South Africa Company had been responsible for the initial
colonisation of the territory and the gold pick symbolised mining.
Unique among the flags of the Governors of British Colonies, this shield
of Arms was not surrounded by the customary wreath. Southern Rhodesia became
a British Colony on 12 September 1923 and according to a typed manuscript
by TW Baxter entitled "Flags and Arms of Rhodesia" held by the National
Archives of Zimbabwe, this flag was taken into use on 1 October 1924 and
was flown until 30 July 1951.
Bruce Berry, 15 Jan 2003
![[Southern Rhodesia - Governor (1951-'65)]](../images/z/zw_gov2.gif)
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by Martin Grieve, 15 Jan 2003
On 31 July 1951 a new flag was taken into use for the Governor of Southern
Rhodesia. This was dark blue, in proportion 7:9, charged in the centre
with a Royal Crown, its height being four-sevenths of the hoist.
Initially the Tudor Crown would have been used, but after her accession
to the throne in 1952, Queen Elizabeth II indicated her preference for
St Edward's Crown and this version would have been used thereafter.
Bruce Berry, 15 Jan 2003
Southern Rhodesia 1951-1965+ (Large crown instead of the crest, no scroll,
no inscription) 7:9
Željko Heimer, 25 Mar 2003
![[Southern Rhodesia - Governor (1951-'65) - var]](../images/z/zw_gov3.gif)
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by Martin Grieve, 15 Jan 2003
Despite these unusual proportions, the National Archives of Zimbabwe
has in its possession one of these flags in the standard proportions of
1:2, suggesting that it was in the standard proportions that it was actually
manufactured and flown.
The unusual design, compared to the flags used by the Governors of
other British Colonies, was presumably to indicate Southern Rhodesia's
unique status as a self-governing colony with internal Responsible Government.
This flag continued to be used by the Governor of Southern Rhodesia
during the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1953 - 1963) and continued
in use after the break-up of the Federation when Southern Rhodesia became
simply Rhodesia. When Rhodesia unilaterally declared its independence
(UDI) on 11 November 1965 the Governor, Sir Humphrey Gibbs, refused to
relinquish his post and thus the flag continued in use after UDI, possibly
even until Rhodesia declared itself a republic on 2 March 1970.
Bruce Berry, 15 Jan 2003
![[Southern Rhodesia -Governor's house-hold flag]](../images/z/zw-srgov.gif)
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by Martin Grieve, 2 May 2003
In common with the Governor-General of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, the Governor of Southern Rhodesia also had a "personal" or house-hold flag as well. Documents in the Public Records Office by found by David Prothero show correspondence between Sir Percival Liesching, Permanent Under-Secretary of State (PUS) at Commonwealth Relations Office (CRO) to Sir John Kennedy, Governor Southern Rhodesia asking about origin of red flag with yellow crown for car of guests at Government House, that had come to light when blue flag with yellow crown had replaced defaced Union Jack as flag of Governor (DO 35/3281. 22 Nov 1950). The reply from the PUS to the Governor was to the effect that the flag had appeared about ten years previously and was used on a Government House cars when conveying the Governor's wife or other distinguished visitors who are entitled to a flag in their own country in order to help the police and guards to recognize car.
It was later suggested (23 Jan 1951) in a letter from the PUS to Governor that the Crown on red flag should be discontinued when the Governor's flag of a Crown on a blue background is brought into use in order to avoid complications, although there was no reason for not adopting a red flag containing another symbol instead of the Crown. The Southern Rhodesian Prime Minister (Godfrey Huggins) suggested a lion symbol to replace the Crown and a letter to the PUS on 2 February 1951 requested the Garter Principal King of Arms for painting showing the lion. However, in reply to a letter from the Commonwealth Relations Office to this request, the Lord Chamberlain's Office (LCO) responded on 2 March 1951 as follows:
(a) A flag should not be flown on a car except when the holder
of that office is in the car.
(b) No regulation permits such a flag; undesirable to have flag
on cars carrying unqualified persons as it detracts from significance of
flag properly flown by holders of important office.
(c) Crown or Imperial Lion or other traditional symbols of Royal
authority on locally authorised flag is wrong.
Understand need for cars to be recognized, but should not be by means
of flag.
The Governor was informed of the Lord Chamberlain's objections to the
use of the flag and in particular, the lion symbol. The Governor replied to the PUS on 23 April 1951, stating that the system
of using such a flag would continue but that: "a square flag could be authorised,
bearing as a symbol the Zimbabwe Bird which is part of the badge of S.Rhodesia."
The Garter Principal King of Arms suggested that a green flag with golden
pick and with an upper compartment of white charged with a red lion and
thistles might be more heraldically acceptable but both the Governor and
Prime Minister preferred the Zimbabwe Bird since
it was more distinctive. The Garter originally sent a painting of
the flag showing the Zimbabwe Bird on a blue field, but on 28 November
1951, the Governor indicated to Lord Ismay (Secretary of State for Commonwealth
Relations) that he preferred the bird on a red background as this
would be less likely to be confused with the flag of Governor.
In February 1952 Lord Ismay informed the Governor that it was not necessary
for the Queen to approve the design as it was a local symbol intended for domestic purposes and as such the Governor
could the authorise flag for Government House cars. On 12 March 1952, the
Governor of Southern Rhodesia informed the PUS that the "Flag will be flown
only on cars conveying my wife and distinguished visitors".
The existence of this flag is also confirmed by the National Archives
of Zimbabwe which states that the "household" flag for Governor's car was red with a Zimbabwe Bird!
A reconstruction of this flag has been made using the Zimbabwe Bird
as found on the Arms of Southern Rhodesia and placed in the centre of a red square field
as illustrated above.
Bruce Berry, 02 May 2003
The red flag, with royal crown, was also used (on
a car) by the wife of
the General Governor of Jamaica. I don't know
if it is still in use.
Jaume Ollé, 13 May 2003
